The damage to car parts is generally caused by two factors: the first is human damage due to accidents, and the second, which is the primary cause of most part failures, is component aging. This article will provide a brief overview of commonly worn-out car parts.
I. Filters
It is well-known that the three main components of a car are the engine, transmission, and chassis. However, the “three major filters” of a car are seldom discussed. These three filters refer to the air filter, oil filter, and fuel filter. Their role is to filter the media in the car’s internal systems. If the three filters are not replaced for a long period, the filtration efficiency will decline, fuel quality will decrease, and the engine will inhale more dust, leading to increased fuel consumption and reduced performance.
1. Air Filte
Function: The air filter is responsible for filtering the air entering the engine, removing dust, impurities, and other harmful particles to ensure that the engine receives clean air. Clean air helps the engine burn fuel more efficiently, improving performance and fuel economy.
Replacement Cycle: It is generally recommended to replace the air filter every 10,000 to 20,000 kilometers, depending on the driving environment and the vehicle’s manual.
Common Issues: If the air filter becomes dirty and clogged, it will restrict airflow, affecting engine performance, increasing fuel consumption, and potentially damaging the engine.
2. Oil Filter:
air filter
Function: The oil filter is responsible for filtering impurities and metal particles in the engine oil, ensuring that the engine’s lubrication system operates smoothly, reducing engine wear, and extending its service life.
Replacement Cycle: It is generally recommended to replace the oil filter with the oil every 5,000 to 10,000 kilometers. However, this should also be based on the vehicle’s manual and the type of oil used.
Common Issues: If the oil filter fails or becomes excessively dirty, contaminants in the oil can enter the engine, leading to poor lubrication and engine damage.
3. Fuel Filter:
Function: The primary function of the fuel filter is to remove impurities, water, rust, and other contaminants from the fuel, protecting key components such as the fuel injectors and fuel pump, and ensuring the fuel system works properly.
Replacement Cycle: It is generally recommended to replace the fuel filter every 20,000 to 30,000 kilometers, depending on the vehicle model and usage conditions.
Common Issues: If the fuel filter becomes clogged, it can restrict fuel flow, affecting engine performance, and potentially causing the engine to stall.
II. Spark Plugs
If the engine is the heart of a car, then the spark plug is like the blood vessel that delivers oxygen to the heart. Spark plugs are responsible for igniting the fuel-air mixture in the engine’s cylinders. After continuous use, spark plugs can wear out, affecting the car’s performance. A spark plug is a key component of an internal combustion engine. It creates a spark inside the combustion chamber, igniting the air-fuel mixture, which in turn powers the engine. In each cylinder, the spark plug generates a high-temperature spark through an electrical current, igniting the air-fuel mixture, and pushing the piston to make the engine run. The spark plug connects with the ignition system, allowing the current to flow through the center electrode, creating a spark between the electrodes to ignite the mixture.
The electrodes of the spark plug endure high temperatures and pressure, so they are usually made from high-temperature-resistant metals such as platinum or iridium. Platinum and iridium spark plugs have a longer lifespan.
1. Replacement Cycle:
Generally, the replacement cycle for spark plugs is between 30,000 to 60,000 kilometers. The exact interval depends on the car owner’s manual and the type of spark plug (platinum or iridium plugs last longer).
2. Common Issues:
- Spark Plug Damage: Damaged spark plugs may cause difficulty starting the engine, poor acceleration, engine shaking, and increased fuel consumption.
- Carbon Build-up: Excessive carbon build-up on the spark plug can affect ignition efficiency, leading to engine stalling or reduced fuel economy.
III. Brake Pads
The material of brake pads determines their friction, durability, and overall performance.
1. Common Brake Pad Materials:
- Organic Brake Pads: These provide good friction but have a shorter lifespan.
- Semi-Metallic Brake Pads: Containing metals (such as copper and steel), these offer stronger braking force and are suitable for high-performance vehicles but may produce more noise.
- Ceramic Brake Pads: Composed of ceramic fibers and metal powders, these are heat-resistant, provide stable friction, and are ideal for high-end vehicles. They are quieter and last longer.
2. Replacement Cycle:
The replacement cycle of brake pads typically depends on driving habits and environmental conditions. If the brake pads make noise, the braking feels less responsive, or the braking distance increases, it is necessary to inspect and replace the brake pads.
3. Common Issues:
- Brake Pad Wear: Over time, brake pads wear down, reducing braking performance. If the pads become too thin, it could lead to brake failure or damage to the brake discs.
- Brake Pad Noise: When brake pads are worn down or of low quality, they can make noise, typically caused by uneven friction or the accumulation of debris. If you hear a screeching noise resembling metal scraping, it is a clear sign that the brake pads have worn significantly.
- Reduced Braking Performance: If the brake pad surface is uneven or excessively worn, braking efficiency will decrease, requiring replacement. If the braking feels delayed or less powerful, with a longer pedal travel, this may indicate an issue with the brake system. It is advisable to check the brake pads by shining a flashlight through the wheel hub to gauge their wear level.
Most modern cars come equipped with electronic brake wear warnings. You can also refer to your vehicle’s manual.
IV. Tires
Tires are an essential component of any vehicle. While tire issues can often be repaired, frequent repairs will eventually require replacement. While driving, it is common to experience a flat tire. There are many causes for a flat tire, but most often it is due to a sharp object puncturing the tire. Many drivers do not notice a punctured tire until they have driven a considerable distance.
Another common tire issue is a tire bulge. Tire bulges typically occur due to two reasons: one is a manufacturing defect, and the other is hitting large potholes or cracks on the road at high speeds, which can cause a bulge. In severe cases, this can even lead to a blowout. Therefore, it is essential for car owners to regularly check their tires for cracks, bulges, or wear and to pay closer attention to road conditions to avoid potholes or cracks that may cause damage.
Maintaining your car’s essential components is key to ensuring its longevity and optimal performance. Regularly replacing filters, spark plugs, brake pads, and tires will not only prevent potential breakdowns but also improve driving safety and fuel efficiency. By staying proactive with your car’s maintenance, you can avoid costly repairs, extend the life of your vehicle, and ensure a smooth and safe driving experience. Remember, preventive care is always more cost-effective than dealing with the consequences of neglect. Stay informed, follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.
A well-maintained car is a reliable companion on every journey.